FACT Function (LibreOffice Calc)

Math Beginner LibreOffice Calc Introduced in LibreOffice 3.0
math factorial combinatorics permutations probability number-theory

The FACT function in LibreOffice Calc returns the factorial of a non‑negative integer. It is essential for combinatorics, permutations, probability, and number theory.

Compatibility

What the FACT Function Does

  • Computes the factorial of a non‑negative integer
  • Defined as:
    n! = n × (n‑1) × (n‑2) × … × 1
  • Used in permutations, combinations, and probability
  • Grows extremely fast (overflow is common)

It is designed to be precise, efficient, and universally compatible.

Syntax

FACT(number)

Arguments

  • number:
    A non‑negative integer.
    Non‑integer values are truncated.

Basic Examples

Factorial of a number

=FACT(5)

Returns 120.

Factorial of zero

=FACT(0)

Returns 1.

FACT with non‑integer input

=FACT(5.9)

Equivalent to FACT(5) → returns 120.

FACT with a cell reference

=FACT(A1)

Computes the factorial of A1.

Advanced Examples

Permutations (manual formula)

=FACT(A1) / FACT(A1 - B1)

Equivalent to PERMUT(A1; B1).

Combinations (manual formula)

=FACT(A1) / (FACT(B1) * FACT(A1 - B1))

Equivalent to COMBIN(A1; B1).

Probability of unique arrangements

=FACT(A1)

Useful for counting permutations of distinct items.

Factorial growth demonstration

=FACT(10)

Returns 3,628,800.

Factorial for binomial coefficients

=FACT(A1) / (FACT(B1) * FACT(A1 - B1))

Used in probability and statistics.

Double factorial alternative

=FACT(A1) / (2^((A1/2)) * FACT(A1/2))

Equivalent to FACTDOUBLE for even numbers.

FACT with PRODUCT (manual factorial)

=PRODUCT(1:A1)

Equivalent to FACT(A1).

Common Errors and Fixes

Err:502 — Invalid argument

Occurs when:

  • number is negative
  • number is text
  • number cannot be coerced to a non‑negative integer

Err:503 — Overflow

Occurs when:

  • number is too large
  • factorial exceeds Calc’s numeric limit

Example:
FACT(171) overflows in most spreadsheet engines.

FACT returns unexpected results

Cause:

  • Non‑integer values are truncated
    Example: FACT(4.8)FACT(4)24.

Best Practices

  • Use FACT for combinatorics and probability
  • Avoid large inputs (factorials grow extremely fast)
  • Use COMBIN and PERMUT for cleaner formulas
  • Use FACTDOUBLE for double factorials
  • Use PRODUCT(1:A1) for manual factorials
Factorials explode in size — even moderate inputs can exceed spreadsheet limits. Use FACT carefully in large combinatorial models.

Related Patterns and Alternatives

  • Use FACTDOUBLE for double factorials
  • Use COMBIN for combinations
  • Use COMBINA for combinations with repetition
  • Use PERMUT for permutations
  • Use PERMUTATIONA for permutations with repetition
  • Use PRODUCT(1:A1) for manual factorials

By mastering FACT and its related combinatorics functions, you can build powerful probability, counting, and number theory models in LibreOffice Calc.

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