CSC in Calligra Sheets: Syntax, Radians, Examples and Limits

The CSC function returns the cosecant, calculated as 1 divided by the sine of an angle. A quick reproducible example is =CSC(RADIANS(30)), whose independently calculated expected result is approximately 2. This result has not been observed by executing a formula in a native Calligra Sheets installation. [E1, E2, E3]

The rule is 1/sin(x). Angles in radians where sine is not zero. The pinned Calligra source, not merely a similar function in Excel, is the basis for the syntax and interpretation described here. [E1, E2]

=CSC(number)

• Required argument (one): Angle in radians (not degrees). The Calligra 26.08.2 XML has one <Parameter> of type Float; the function is registered without an extra optional argument or default. The official XML syntax is CSC(Float). [E1, E2]
• Return: a floating-point number. The XML return type is Float and the pinned implementation is a floating calculation. [E1, E2]
• Spreadsheet entry: type the initial = before the function. These examples use the English KDE documentation convention: decimal point and semicolon between arguments in multi-argument formulas (for example =ROUND(CSC(RADIANS(30));6)). Decimal and list separators can vary with operating locale; confirm them in the user’s installation rather than replacing commas or semicolons blindly. [E1]
• Verified scope: Calligra 26.08.2, released 2026-10-08, at pinned revision 72123cc643f6625351139e7df294544255a1056f; source/documentation accessed 2026-10-12. This proves registration and source semantics for that release, not actual behavior of an installed distribution package or particular OS. [E1, E2, E5]

Mathematical domain/limits: angles in radians where sine is not zero. The cosecant is undefined at 0°, ±180°, ±360° and every integer multiple of 180° (kπ radians). Native displayed error messages and package-specific numerical limits are not established by this guide. [E2, E3]

Put Degrees in A1 and Cosecant in B1. Enter the six angle values in A2:A7, then enter =CSC(RADIANS(A2)) in B2 and fill down to B7. B2:B7 are calculated from degrees after explicit conversion to radians. The expected numbers below are independently computed; screenshots/native application results are unavailable. [E1, E3]

How to check the results: At 30°, sin(π/6)=0.5 and cosecant is 2. At 90°, sine is 1, so cosecant is 1. The sign changes for negative angles: CSC(-30°) is −2. At 150°, sine is positive 0.5, so cosecant is again 2. All calculated results are expected approximate numbers based on Python’s independent standard-library trigonometric functions, not observations in Calligra. Differences of a few trailing digits are normal with floating-point evaluation. [E3]

Practical formula check

Near-zero sensitivity: A 0.001° nonzero angle yields a cosecant of roughly 57,295.779516. Rounding the angle to 0° changes a large finite value to an undefined expression. In measurement workflows, keep input precision, the unit conversion and angle uncertainty explicit. To format a non-singular case in a documented semicolon-separator locale, use =ROUND(CSC(RADIANS(30));6). [E2, E3]

Suppose a right triangle has an opposite side of 5 m and an acute angle of 30°. Set E2=5 and F2=30; in G2 enter =E2*CSC(RADIANS(F2)). The expected hypotenuse is 10 m. This works because sin θ = opposite / hypotenuse, thus hypotenuse = opposite × CSC(θ). Check =E2/SIN(RADIANS(F2)) for an independent equivalent formula (subject to the same sine-zero restrictions). Only interpret these physical lengths with an acute angle in a right triangle. [E3]

• Zero-sine inputs: =CSC(0) is mathematically undefined, as is CSC(k*PI()) for any integer k. The pinned wrapper performs division by the calculated sine and does not establish a particular displayed spreadsheet error. PI() and floating-point approximations may produce very large finite numbers rather than a clean singularity indication. [E2, E3]
• Degrees/radians mix-up: =CSC(30) interprets 30 as radians. To get the cosecant of 30 degrees, enter =CSC(RADIANS(30)). [E2, E3]
• Negative angles: Sine is odd, so mathematical CSC(-x)=-CSC(x) at defined inputs; unexpected sign results often mean the angle unit or the cell sign was entered incorrectly. [E2, E3]
• Nonnumeric inputs: The pinned function metadata describes one float argument. Text coercion, blanks, propagated errors and exact error labels are not confirmed without native Calligra execution. [E2, E3]
• Large arguments and precision: Microsoft Excel documents a 2^27 bound for its CSC argument; this has not been established for Calligra. At values near kπ, rounding can dominate the computed value. [E2, E3]

On valid numeric radian inputs, Calligra’s pinned expression and Microsoft Excel’s documented CSC operation represent the same reciprocal-sine function. Excel specifies its own parameter-magnitude limit and on-screen #NUM!/#VALUE! errors; these are Excel-specific documentation, not a measured Calligra behavior. Across spreadsheet imports, verify the conversion from degrees, locale separators, and singular cases before trusting the workbook. [E2, E4]

Portability checklist: make a local copy of your workbook; verify radians versus degrees; check decimal/list separators; compare a simple expected result; deliberately test boundary/error cases in the destination program before relying on a high-stakes numerical result. This guide does not claim an Excel or LibreOffice runtime test.

Can I use degrees directly? No. The pinned function expects radians; wrap degree numbers in RADIANS(...).

Is the result exact? No promise of bit-for-bit equality is made. These functions use floating point; table figures are rounded expected values. [E2, E3]

What happens at problematic values? The cosecant is undefined at 0°, ±180°, ±360° and every integer multiple of 180° (kπ radians). If a formula produces a surprising number or displayed error, confirm it on native Calligra and check the exact input units and numeric precision. The source wrapper is not a native screen test. [E2]

SIN supplies the denominator; RADIANS converts degrees; PI supplies π; SEC computes reciprocal cosine; ROUND can display a controlled number of decimals. These names exist in the Calligra 26.08.2 release registry. The links below point to the official references. [E1, E2]

Read the official KDE Sheets function reference for current HTML help, the pinned Calligra 26.08.2 function definitions for declared syntax and the pinned implementation for source-level behavior. These are official external links, checked 2026-10-12. [E1, E2]

[E1] KDE official Sheets function handbook — CSC and the pinned 26.08.2 XML (function entry around L278-L291), accessed 2026-10-12; official one-argument syntax/type and supplied examples.

[E2] Pinned 26.08.2 C++ implementation and registration, verified 2026-10-12. Source-inferred behavior, not native execution. The pinned XML specifies a one-float radian argument and example CSC(PI()/2) equals 1; the C++ wrapper returns calc->div(1,calc->sin(args[0])). It does not itself special-case sine-zero input.

[E3] Independent calculations using Python 3 standard-library math with the exact input values shown above; expected numbers only.

[E4] Microsoft official Excel CSC documentation, accessed 2026-10-12, used for claims about Excel, not to infer Calligra error semantics.

[E5] KDE Gear 26.08.2 release announcement, dated 2026-10-08; pinned source revision 72123cc643f6625351139e7df294544255a1056f.

Validation: Official documentation and version-pinned source reviewed; examples independently calculated. No native Calligra execution was performed.